Subprefects: (Trans)Regional Tools of Integration?

Abstract This chapter examines the Napoleonic subprefects who have been in office Netherlands and Northwest Germany. Within prefectoral system, these sous-préfets were highest officials at arrondissement (disctrict) level. Activities of subprefects, somewhat neglected by historians, give insight into how French tried to rally locals, this affected daily functioning Empire. Discussed are subprefects’ sociocultural backgrounds, imperial careers, perception governance. Subprefects had balance national, local, personal interest. Integration district level was hard when letter administrative legislation precise instructions from above rigidly adhered to. traveling Empire linked events Germany developments elsewhere, promoting integration Circulation patterns reflect different ideas on required integration. It is argued that figure subprefect a potential ‘tool integration’. That close ground could contributed effectiveness But also coped with demanding prefects, interference other agents central state. Reversely, unwilling position hinder process.